What Is a Finance Lease? Complete Guide

A finance lease lets you use an asset with fully deductible payments, then purchase it at the end by paying the residual. Here's everything Australian businesses need to know.

How a Finance Lease Works

Under a finance lease, the financier (lessor) purchases the asset and leases it to your business (lessee) for an agreed term. You have full use of the asset throughout the term. At the end, you pay a residual value (set at inception) to take ownership — or you can refinance, trade, or return the asset.

Unlike a chattel mortgage, the financier legally owns the asset during the lease. This means:

  • The asset may be kept off your balance sheet (though AASB 16 can change this for larger entities)
  • You don't claim depreciation — instead, your lease payments are fully tax-deductible
  • GST is charged on each lease payment, not as a lump sum
  • The ATO mandates minimum residual values based on the lease term

ATO Minimum Residual Values

The ATO sets minimum residual values for finance leases to prevent disguised purchases. These are a percentage of the asset's original cost:

Lease TermMinimum Residual (% of Cost)
1 year65%
2 years45%
3 years35%
4 years25%
5 years +20%

You can set the residual higher than these minimums, but not lower. A higher residual reduces your regular payments but means a larger payout at the end.

See Finance Lease Repayments

Our calculator factors in ATO minimum residuals and shows your exact payment with tax deductions.

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Who Is a Finance Lease Best For?

  • Businesses not registered for GST — since GST is spread across payments rather than requiring an upfront credit
  • Businesses wanting simpler tax treatment — the entire lease payment is one deductible expense
  • Medium-term asset use — ideal when you plan to use the asset for the lease term and then decide whether to keep, trade, or upgrade
  • Cash-flow-focused businesses — the mandatory residual lowers regular payments vs. a fully-amortising loan
  • Businesses preferring off-balance-sheet treatment — though AASB 16 may require on-balance-sheet recognition for some entities

Tax Benefits of a Finance Lease

Fully Deductible Payments

Each lease payment is 100% tax-deductible as a business expense. This simplifies your accounting — there's no need to separately track interest and depreciation.

GST on Each Payment

GST is included in each lease payment and can be claimed as an input credit on your BAS each period. For non-GST-registered businesses, this is a non-issue — but for GST-registered businesses, note that you claim GST gradually rather than all upfront.

No Depreciation (Simpler)

The financier owns the asset, so they claim depreciation — not you. This simplifies your tax return, but it also means you can't access the instant asset write-off under a finance lease.

Tax treatment depends on your individual circumstances and current ATO rules. Consult a qualified tax professional.

Pros and Cons

ProsCons
Payments fully tax-deductibleNo depreciation or instant asset write-off
Lower regular payments (due to residual)Mandatory residual — lump sum at end
Can be off-balance sheetDon't own asset during term
GST claimed gradually, not upfrontLess beneficial for GST-registered businesses vs CM
Flexible end-of-term optionsATO minimum residuals limit flexibility
Simple tax treatmentEarly termination can be costly

Worked Example

A Brisbane courier company leases a delivery van for $55,000 (ex-GST) on a 4-year finance lease at 7% with a 25% residual:

Asset Price (ex-GST)$55,000
Residual (25%)$13,750
Monthly Lease Payment~$1,080 + GST
GST Claimed Per BAS Quarter~$324
Annual Lease Deduction~$12,960
End of Term: Pay Residual to Own$13,750 + GST

Illustrative only. Use our calculator for personalised estimates.

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Finance Lease FAQs

What happens at the end of a finance lease?
You have three options: (1) pay the residual and take ownership, (2) refinance the residual over a further term, or (3) sell/trade the asset and use the proceeds to cover the residual. You cannot simply walk away.
Can I claim the instant asset write-off with a finance lease?
No. The instant asset write-off requires ownership. Under a finance lease, the financier (lessor) owns the asset during the term. If the write-off is important to you, consider a chattel mortgage instead.
Is a finance lease the same as a novated lease?
No. A finance lease is a business-to-business arrangement. A novated lease involves three parties (employee, employer, and financier) and uses salary sacrifice. They have different tax treatments and are suited to different situations.
Can I set my own residual value?
You can set the residual at or above the ATO minimum — not below it. Many businesses set the residual to match the expected resale value of the asset at end of term.
Is a finance lease better than a chattel mortgage?
It depends on your situation. Finance leases are better if you're not GST-registered, want simpler tax treatment, or prefer off-balance-sheet finance. Chattel mortgages are better for GST-registered businesses that want ownership, depreciation, and access to the instant asset write-off. Our calculator compares both.